Pausanias, Description of Greece

Attica

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XVII.

In the Athenian market-place among the objects not generally known is an altar to Mercy, of all divinities the most useful in the life of mortals and in the vicissitudes of fortune, but honored by the Athenians alone among the Greeks. And they are conspicuous not only for their humanity but also for their devotion to religion. They have an altar to Shamefastness, one to Rumour and one to Effort. It is quite obvious that those who excel in piety are correspondingly rewarded by good fortune.

[2] In the gymnasium not far from the market-place, called Ptolemy's from the founder, are stone Hermae well worth seeing and a likeness in bronze of Ptolemy. Here also is Juba the Libyan and Chrysippus¹ of Soli.

Hard by the gymnasium is a sanctuary of Theseus, where are pictures of Athenians fighting Amazons. This war they have also represented on the shield of their Athena and upon the pedestal of the Olympian Zeus. In the sanctuary of Theseus is also a painting of the battle between the Centaurs and the Lapithae. Theseus has already killed a Centaur, but elsewhere the fighting is still undecided.

[3] The painting on the third wall is not intelligible to those unfamiliar with the traditions, partly through age and partly because Micon has not represented in the picture the whole of the legend. When Minos was taking Theseus and the rest of the company of young folk to Crete he fell in love with Periboea, and on meeting with determined opposition from Theseus, hurled insults at him and denied that he was a son of Poseidon, since he could not recover for him the signet-ring, which he happened to be wearing, if he threw it into the sea. With these words Minos is said to have thrown the ring, but they say that Theseus came up from the sea with that ring and also with a gold crown that Amphitrite gave him.

[4] The accounts of the end of Theseus are many and inconsistent. They say he was kept a prisoner until Heracles restored him to the light of day, but the most plausible account I have heard is this. Theseus invaded Thesprotia to carry off the wife of the Thesprotian king, and in this way lost the greater part of his army, and both he and Peirithous (he too was taking part in the expedition, being eager for the marriage) were taken captive. The Thesprotian king kept them prisoners at Cichyrus.

[5] Among the sights of Thesprotia are a sanctuary of Zeus at Dodona and an oak sacred to the god. Near Cichyrus is a lake called Acherusia, and a river called Acheron. There is also Cocytus, a most unlovely stream. I believe it was because Homer had seen these places that he made bold to describe in his poems the regions of Hades, and gave to the rivers there the names of those in Thesprotia. While Theseus was thus kept in bonds, the sons of Tyndareus marched against Aphidna, captured it and restored Menestheus to the kingdom.

[6] Now Menestheus took no account of the children of Theseus, who had secretly withdrawn to Elephenor in Euboea, but he was aware that Theseus, if ever he returned from Thesprotia, would be a doughty antagonist, and so curried favour with his subjects that Theseus on re covering afterwards his liberty was expelled. So Theseus set out to Deucalion in Crete. Being carried out of his course by winds to the island of Scyros he was treated with marked honor by the inhabitants, both for the fame of his family and for the reputation of his own achievements. Accordingly Lycomedes contrived his death. His close was built at Athens after the Persians landed at Marathon, when Cimon, son of Miltiades, ravaged Scyros, thus avenging Theseus' death, and carried his bones to Athens.

¹ The Stoic philosopher, 280-207 B.C.

Cross references from The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister):
ephyra [ EPHYRA (Ephyre) or Kichyros W Epeiros, Greece. ]
ephyra [ EPHYRA (Ephyre) or Kichyros W Epeiros, Greece. ]
ephyra [ EPHYRA (Ephyre) or Kichyros W Epeiros, Greece. ]
mesopotamon [ MESOPOTAMON (Likouresi, Haghios Kharalambos) Epeiros, Greece. ]

Cross references from Michael Padgett, The Harrow Painter, with a Note on the Geras Painter:
15 [Harvard 1960.339: Theseus and Poseidon]

Cross references from Sir Richard Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Oedipus at Colonus:
*: Athênaiois de en têi agorai kai alla estin ouk es apantas episêma kai Eleou bômos, hôi malista theôn es anthrôpinon bion kai metabolas pragmatôn hoti ôphelimos, monoi timas Hellênôn nemousin Athênaioi. toutois de ou ta es philanthrôpian monon kathestêken, alla kai es theous eusebousin allôn pleon: kai Aidous sphisi bômos esti kai Phêmês kai Hormês
* [1249-1555: Fourth episode]

Cross references from Sir Richard Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Ajax:
* [974-1184]

Cross references from Sir Richard Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Philoctetes:
* [219-675]

Cross references from W. W. How, J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus:
9, 100, 1 [BOOK IX]
9, 27, 4 [BOOK IX]
9, 27, 4 [BOOK IX]
5, 92G, 2 [BOOK V]

Cross references from Reginald Walter Macan, Herodotus: The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary:
9, 73
9, 73: strateuousin es Aphidnan hoi Tundareô paides, kai tên te Aphidnan hairousi kai Menesthea epi basileiai katêgagon

Cross references from Perseus Vase Catalog:
Harvard 1960.339 [Harvard 1960.339]

This text is based on the following book(s):
Pausanias. Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918.
OCLC: 10818363
ISBN: 0674991044, 0674992075, 0674993004, 0674993284

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