C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War

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C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War

Editions and translations: English | Latin
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I. All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in our Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae. Of all these, the Belgae are the bravest, because they are furthest from the civilization and refinement of [our] Province, and merchants least frequently resort to them, and import those things which tend to effeminate the mind; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who dwell beyond the Rhine , with whom they are continually waging war; for which reason the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valor, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers. One part of these, which it has been said that the Gauls occupy, takes its beginning at the river Rhone ; it is bounded by the river Garonne, the ocean, and the territories of the Belgae; it borders, too, on the side of the Sequani and the Helvetii, upon the river Rhine , and stretches toward the north. The Belgae rises from the extreme frontier of Gaul, extend to the lower part of the river Rhine ; and look toward the north and the rising sun. Aquitania extends from the river Garonne to the Pyrenaean mountains and to that part of the ocean which is near Spain: it looks between the setting of the sun, and the north star.

There are a total of 48 comments on and cross references to this page.

Cross references from Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges (eds. J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge):
2, 418 [USES OF THE ABLATIVE AS INSTRUMENTAL]: virtute praecedunt
2, 495 [PARTICIPLES]: Gallia est divisa

Cross references from J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge, M. Grant Daniell, Commentary on Caesar's Gallic War:
*
*
* [BOOK THIRD. — B.C. 56.]

Cross references from Anne Mahoney, Overview of Latin Syntax:
noun_agree [Agreement]: Eorum una pars ... initium capit a flumine Rhodano
noun_agree [Agreement]: Hi [= Galli] omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt
noun_agree [Agreement]: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum [= partium] unam incolunt Belgae
nom [Nominative]: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres
gen [Genitive]: Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae
dat [Dative]: Belgae proximi sunt Germanis
acc [Accusative]: Belgae unam partem incolunt
acc [Accusative]: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres
abl [Ablative]: Continetur Garumna flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum
abl [Ablative]: Helvetii ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt
abl [Ablative]: Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matronea et Sequana dividit
abl [Ablative]: Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt
abl [Ablative]: Helvetii fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt
verb_agree [Agreement]: Unam incolunt Belgae
ind [Indicative]: Helvetii fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, cum ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt
ind [Indicative]: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae
ind [Indicative]: Helvetii reliquos gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt
act [Active]: Belgae cum Germanis continenter bellum gerunt
part [Participles]: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres
period [Periodic sentences]: Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit

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This text is based on the following book(s):
C. Julius Caesar. Caesar's Gallic War. Translator. W. A. McDevitte. Translator. W. S. Bohn. 1st Edition. New York. Harper & Brothers. 1869. Harper's New Classical Library.
OCLC: 25172949