| Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek
| Corpus | Words | Max. Inst. | Freq./10K | Min. Inst. | Freq./10K |
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| Greek Texts | 4844028 | 2651 | 5.47 | 1675 | 3.46 |
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| Greek | 1: metaxu |
2: mesotês |
3: - |
4: - |
5: - |
| Latin | 1: medius |
2: mediocris |
3: - |
4: - |
5: - |
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mesos, ê, on, also Arc. (v. imesos, mesakothen); Ep. messos (also Aeol., Sapph.1.12, IG11(4).1064b32, and Lyr., Pind. P. 4.224, and sts. in Trag., Eur. Her. 403 (lyr.), Soph. OC 1247 (lyr.), ti=Soph. Trach. 635 (lyr.), ti=Soph. Ant. 1223, au=Soph. Ant. 1236, ti=S. Fr.255.5), Boeot., Cret. mettos, IG7.2420.20 (iii B. C.), GDI 5000 ii b au=GDI 2 (v B. C.):-- middle, in the middle,
I. of Space, esp. with Nouns, of the middle point or part, m. sakos Hom. Il. 7.258; histion au=Hom. Il. 1.481; ouranos zenith, Hom. Od. 4.400; m. apênês from mid chariot, Soph. OT 812; en aitheri m. in mid-air, IDEM=Soph. Ant. 416; m. metôpôi in the middle of the forehead, PRyl.128.30 (i A. D.): in Prose freq. preceding the Art., kata meson ton stathmon Xen. Anab. 1.7.14; en m. têi chôrai IBID=au=Xen. Anab. 2.1.11; ek m. tês nêsou, kata m. tên nêson, Plat. Criti. 113d, au=Plat. Criti. 119d; epi mesou tou tmamatos at the middle point of the segment, Archim.Aequil.1.6; ha epi mesan tan basin agomena (sc. eutheia) IBID=au=Archim. Aequil. 1.12=lr: sts. following the Noun, en têi agorai mesêi Dem. 29.12: less freq. midmost, central, of three or more objects, m. hodos Thgn.220, au=Thgn. 331; ho m. [daktulos] Plat. Rep. 523c; to m. stiphos the central division of the army, Xen. Anab. 1.8.13; meson, to, centre, hê epi to m. phora Iamb.Protr.21.
b. with a Verb, echetai m. by the middle, by the waist, prov. from the wrestling-ring, Aristoph. Kn. 387 (lyr.), cf. ti=Aristoph. Ach. 571 (lyr.), ti=Aristoph. Cl. 1047, ti=Aristoph. Frogs 469; mesên labonta IDEM=Aristoph. Ach. 274, cf. Hdt. 9.107, Dem. 53.17; ho peplos erragê m. Philippid.25.5.
c. c. gen., midway between, henos kai plêthous to oligon m. Plat. Stat. 303a (also m. ep' amphotera, Ibid=Plat. Stat. 303a):--- S. has mesos apo [tou kratêros] tou te petrou ti=Soph. OC 1595.
2. of Time, Hom. only in phrase meson êmar midday, Hom. Il. 21.111, Hom. Od. 7.288, Pind. P. 9.113; mesai nuktes Sapph.52, Hdt. 4.181, Xen. Anab. 7.8.12, etc.; thereus eti messou eontos Hes. WD 502; cheimônos mesou Ar.Fr.569.1; m. hêmera Hdn.8.5.9; m. hêlikia middle age, Plat. L. 316c: so mesoi tên hêlikian E.Ep.5; mesos akmês v.l. in Theoc.25.164.
3. metaph., impartial, Thuc. 4.83, PLond.1.113(1).27 (vi A.D.).
b. inter-mediate, freq. c. gen., m. tis gegona chrêmatistês tou te pappou kai tou patros Plat. Rep. 330b; psilon men to p_, dasu de to ph_, meson de amphoin to b_ D.H.Comp.14 (v. infr. d); hê tritê kai m. tôn eirêmenôn duein harmoniôn IBID=au=D.H. Comp. 24; ho m. charaktêr IBID=au=D.H. Comp. 21; indeterminate, Luc.Par.28; ta m. things indifferent (neither good nor bad), Stoic.3.135, al.; of words such as tuchê, EM626.38; zôidia (neither lucky nor unlucky) Vett.Val.93.9; m. diaita Diocl.Fr.141, cf.Sor.1.46.
c. Gramm., of Verbs, middle, Eust. 1846.30, etc.; m. diathesis, schêmata, A.D.Synt.226.10, au=A.D. Synt. 210.18; m. enestôs present middle, IBID=au=A.D. Synt. 278.25.
d. Gramm., of consonants, Lat. mediae, i. e. b_g_d_, D.T.631.23: but also of semi-vowels, Plat. Phileb. 18c: of accent, oxutêti kai barutêti kai tôi mesôi, i. e. the circumflex, Aristot. Poet. 1456b33.
II. middling, moderate,
1. of size, mesoi ophthalmoi, ôta, glôtta, IDEM=Arist.HA492a8,au=Arist. HA 492a33=lr,au=Arist. HA 492b31=lr; m. megethei IBID=au=Arist. HA 496a21, PPetr.1p.37 (iii B. C.); m. alone, of middle height, PGrenf.2.23(a) ii 3 (ii B. C.), POxy. 73.13 (i A. D.), etc.
2. of class or quality, pantôn mes' arista Thgn. 335; panti mesôi to kratos theos ôpasen Aesch. Eum. 529 (lyr.); m. en polei Phoc.12; m. anêr a man of middle rank, Hdt. 1.107; m. politês Thuc. 6.54; ta m. tôn politôn IDEM=Thuc. 3.82 (so tôn ana polin ta m. Pind. P. 11.52); hoi m., between hoi euporoi and hoi aporoi, Aristot. Pol. 1289b31, au=Aristot. Pol. 1295b3; hoi m. politai IBID=au=Aristot. Pol. 1296a19; to m. IBID=au=Aristot. Pol. 1295b37; m. [politeia] IBID=au=Aristot. Pol. 1296a7; ho m. bios Luc.Luct.9; mediocre, Plat. Prot. 346d; tôn hetairôn hai m. Theopomp. Com.au=Plat. Prot. 346d21=lr. Adv. mesôs, hikanon fairly adequate, Phld.Rh.2.4S.
III. meson, to, midst, intervening space, mostly with Preps.,
a. en messôi, = en metaichmiôi, Hom. Il. 3.69,au=Hom. Il. 3.90=lr; en tôi m. in the midst, Ev.Matt.14.6; hê 'n mesôi [moira] sôizei poleis the middle class, Eur. Supp. 244: without en, embale messôi Hom. Il. 4.444; enthore messôi au=Hom. Il. 21.233; messôi amphoterôn au=Hom. Il. 3.416, au=Hom. Il. 7.277; tônde t' en m. pesein Eur. Phoen. 583; en m. logous echein IDEM=Eur. Hel. 630; mêkos en m. chronou Aesch. Supp. 735; chronos houn m. Eur. Phoen. 589 (troch.); ta en m. what went between, Soph. OC 583; hoi en m. logoi the intervening words, IDEM=Soph. El. 1364, Eur. Med. 819; klinês en m. IDEM=Eur. Hec. 1150; en m. hêmôn kai basileôs between us and him, Xen. Anab. 2.2.3; sophias kai amathias en m. Plat. Sym. 203e; en m. nuktôn at midnight, Xen. Cyrop. 5.3.52; athla keimen' en mesôi offered for competition (cf. infr. b), Dem. 4.5, cf. Thgn.994, Xen. Anab. 3.1.21; hê timê en tôi mesôi estô deposited with the court, Herod.2.90: without en, kai mesôi pantes kai chôris hekastos both collectively and severally, IG12(5).872.27,31,au=IG 38, al. (Tenos): in pl., keito d' ar' en messoisi Hom. Il. 18.507; en mesois' Xenoph.1.7; en mesôi einai tou summeixai to stand in the way of . . , Xen. Cyrop. 5.2.26; hê gar thalatta en tôi m. is an obstacle, IDEM=Ps. Xen. Const. Ath. 2.2; oudeis en messôi geitôn pelen Theoc.21.17; ouden an ên en m. polemein hêmas Dem. 23.183; cf. imesos .
b. es meson, es m. amphoterôn, freq. in Hom. for es metaichmion, Hom. Il. 4.79, au=Hom. Il. 6.120; andri de nikêthenti gunaik' es messon ethêke deposited her as a prize (cf. supr. a), au=Hom. Il. 23.704; es m. deiknunai tini ti Pi.Fr.42.3; es m. hiesthai, elthein, parelthein, Soph. Trach. 514 (lyr.), Theoc.22.183, Plu. Agis9; es meson amphoteroisi . . dikassate Hom. Il. 23.574; es to m. pherein bring forward publicly, Hdt. 4.97, Dem. 18.139; es to m. legesthai Hdt. 6.129; es m. Persêisi katatheinai ta prêgmata to give up the power in common to all, IDEM=Hdt. 3.80; es m. tên archên titheis isonomiên humin proagoreuô IBID=au=Hdt. 3.142=lr.
c. ek tou mesou away, ek m. anelein Dem. 10.36, au=Dem. 18.294; [cheirographon] êrken ek tou m. Ep.Col.2.14, cf. Arr.Epict.3.3.15; also ek m. a half, etê oktô kai enaton ek m. Thuc. 4.133; also ek m. katêsto remained in the middle, i. e. neutral (cf. ek I.6 fin.), Hdt. 3.83, cf. au=Hdt. 4.118, au=Hdt. 8.22,au=Hdt. 8.73=lr.
d. dia mesou between, to dia m. ethnos IDEM=Hdt. 1.104; dia m. poieisthai Xen. Cyrop. 6.3.3; dia m. genesthai intervene, of an event, Thuc. 4.20: c. gen., dia mesou tês poleôs rhei potamos Xen. Anab. 1.2.23; dia m. rhei toutôn potamos IBID=au=Xen. Anab. 1.4.4, etc.; to toutôn dia m. Plat. Laws 805e; also hoi dia mesou the middle party, the moderates, Thuc. 8.75, Xen. Hell. 5.4.25; to dia m. the middle class, Aristot. Pol. 1296a8; of Time, ho dia m. chronos Hdt. 9.112; hê dia m. xumbasis an interim agreement, Thuc. 5.26; dia mesou, as a figure of speech, use of parenthesis, Hdn.Fig.p.95S.
e. an (on) to m. in the midst, Alc.18.3, Xenoph.1.11, Thgn.839; ana meson midway between, Arist.HA496a22, Antiph. 13, Theoc.22.21, etc.; ana m. tou naou kai tou bômou GDI2010 (Delph.), cf. PTeb.13.9 (ii B. C.), al.; thrix ana messon Theoc.14.9; ana messa Nic.Th.167; also ana meson phere, = metriôs, Men.531.18.
f. kata messon, = en mesôi, Hom. Il. 5.8, au=Hom. Il. 16.285, etc.: c. gen., kad de meson taphrou kai teicheos hizon between, au=Hom. Il. 9.87.
2. meson, to, difference, to m. pros tas megistas kai elachistas the average between . . , Thuc. 1.10; pollon to m., polu to m., the difference is great, Hdt. 1.126, Eur. Alc. 914 (anap.); to m. ouden tês echthrês esti there is no middle course for our enmity, Hdt. 7.11.
3. middle state, mean, to m. kai to eu Aristot. Nic. Eth. 1109b26; poiêmata mesa, opp. onkôdê, in the (correct) mean, Phld.Po.5.5. Adv. -ôs, anastrephesthai IDEM=Phld.Rh.1.155S.
4. in Logic, to m. the middle term of a syllogism, opp. ta akra, Arist.APr.66a30; also ho m. (sc. horos) IBID=au=Arist. APr. 25b33.
5. Math., middle terms in a proportion, Euc.6.16; mesê, or mesê (mesos) analogon a mean proportional (straight line or number), IBID=au=Euc. 6.13=lr, au=Euc. 6.17=lr, au=Euc. 8.11, au=Euc. 8.12=lr, al.; mesês heuresis Arist.de An.413a19, ti=Aristot. Met. 996b21; mesê medial, a specific kind of irrational (straight line), Euc.10.21, al.; meson orthogônion (chôrion) medial rectangle (area), IBID=au=Euc. 10.24=lr, al.
6. Astron., ho dia mesôn tôn zôidiôn kuklos the ecliptic, Hipparch.1.9.3,au=Hipparch. 1.9.4=lr, Gem.2.21, Ptol.Alm.2.7: without kuklos, Eudox. ap. Aristot. Met. 1073b20, Hipparch.1.9.12; simply, ho dia mesôn D.L.7.146; but, ho mesos [kuklos] the equator of a rotating sphere, Aristot. Met. 1073b30.
7. mesa, ta, = mezea , Blaes.au=Aristot. Met. 1073p.191=lr K.
b. = koilia I.3, Herod.Med.ap.Orib.5.27.3, Gal.14.732: sg., Heph.Astr.1.1 (v.l. ta mesa Cat.Cod.Astr.8(2).45).
8. Meson, to, one of the law-courts at Athens, Phot., Sch.Aristoph. Wasps 120.
9. ou tois mesois tês bias chrômenê no ordinary force, Hierocl.au=Ar. V. =lr A.
IV. mesê, hê, as Subst., v. mesê .
V. Adv. meson , Ep. messon, in the middle, Hom. Il. 12.167, Hom. Od. 14.300: c. gen., between, ouranou m. chthonos <te> Eur. Orest. 983 (lyr.), cf. Arr.Epict.2.22.10; in the midst of, m. tês thalassês LXX Ex.14.27; m. geneas skolias Ep.Phil.2.15: also in pl., mesa aietos ouranou potatai Eur. Rh. 530 (lyr.), cf. Nic.Fr.74.26.
2. regul. Adv. mesôs, poleôs t' ou m. eudaimonos Eur. Andr. 873, cf. ti=Eur. Hec. 1113, Isoc. 9.23; kai m. even in a moderate degree, even a little, Thuc. 2.60; m. echein pros or peri ti to be in the mean . . , Aristot. Nic. Eth. 1105b28, au=Aristot. Nic. Eth. 1119a11; thermoteron ê krauroteron ê m. echon Eub.7.1, cf. Sosip. 1.53; m. bebiôkenai in a middle way, i. e. neither well nor ill, Plat. Phaedo 113d; m. methuôn Men.226; m. diatithenai in an intermediate way, D.H. Comp.14.
VI. irreg. Comp. mesaiteros Plat. Parm. 165b: Sup. mesaitatos Hdt. 4.17, Arist.Mu.392b33, Gem.9.3, etc.; poet. messotatos A.R.4.649, Man. 6.373. (Cf. Skt.mádhyas 'middle', Lat. medius, etc.)
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