| Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek
| Corpus | Words | Max. Inst. | Freq./10K | Min. Inst. | Freq./10K |
|---|
| Greek Texts | 4844028 | 2791 | 5.76 | 708 | 1.46 |
| Click on a number in the Max. Inst. column to search for this word in that group of texts. | Click on a number in the Freq./10K column for a more detailed frequency table. |
phusis [u^], hê, gen. phuseôs, poet. phuseos prob. (metri gr.) in Eur. Tro. 886, cf. Aristoph. Wasps 1282 (lyr.), au=Aristoph. Wasps 1458 (lyr.), Ion. phusios: dual phusei (v.l. phusê) Plat. Rep. 410e, (phuô):
I. origin, ph. oudenos estin hapantôn thnêtôn oude . . teleutê Emp.8.1 (cf. Plu.2.1112a); ph. boulontai legein genesin tên peri ta prôta Plat. Laws 892c; hê ph. hê legomenê hôs genesis hodos estin eis phusin Arist.Ph.193b12; ph. legetai hê tôn phuomenôn genesis IDEM=Aristot. Met. 1014b16; freq. of persons, birth, phusei neôteros Soph. OC 1295, cf. ti=Soph. Aj. 1301, etc.; phusi gegonotes eu Hdt. 7.134; phusei, opp. thesei (by adoption), D.L.9.25; phusei Ambrakiôtês, dêmopoiêtos de Sikuônios Ath.4.183d; so ho kata phusin patêr, huios, adelphos, Plb. 3.9.6, au=Plb. 3.12.3, au=Plb. 11.2.2; also in acc., ek patros tautou phusin Soph. El. 325; ê philôn tis ê pros haimatos phusin IBID=au=Soph. El. 1125, cf. Isoc. 3.42.
II. the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (hoion hekaston esti tês geneseôs telestheisês, tautên phamen tên ph. einai hekastou Aristot. Pol. 1252b33): hence,
1. nature, constitution, once in Hom., kai moi phusin autou (sc. tou pharmakou) edeixe Hom. Od. 10.303; ph. tês chôrês Hdt. 2.5; tês Attikês Xen. Ways 1.2, cf. ti=Xen. Ec. 16.2, Dem. 18.146, etc.; tês trichos Xen. Horse. 5.5; haimatos, aeros, etc., Arist.PA648a21, ti=Arist. Mete.340a36, etc.: pl., phuseis engignomenas karpôn kai dendrôn Isoc. 7.74; hai ph. kai dunameis tôn politeiôn IDEM=Isoc. 12.134; hê tôn arithmôn ph. Plat. Rep. 525c; hê tôn pantôn ph. Xen. Mem. 1.1.11, etc.; hê idia tou pragmatos ph. IG22.1099.28 (Epist.Plotinae).
2. outward form, appearance, mezonas ê kat' anthrôpôn phusin Hdt. 8.38; ê noon êtoi phusin either in mind or outward form, Pind. N. 6.5; ou gar ph. Ôariôneian elachen IDEM=Pind. I. 4.49 (67); morphês d' ouch homostolos ph. Aesch. Supp. 496; ton de Laïon phusin tin' eiche phraze Soph. OT 740 (read heirpe, taking ph. with echôn), cf. ti=Soph. Trach. 379; drakainês ph. echousan agrian prob. in Eur. Ba. 1358; tên emên idôn ph. Aristoph. Wasps 1071 (troch.), cf. ti=Aristoph. Cl. 503; tên tou sômatos ph. Isoc. 9.75.
3. Medic., constitution, temperament, Hp.Aph.3.2 (pl.), al.; hê ph. kai hê hexis IDEM=Hp.Acut.43; ph. phusios kai hêlikia hêlikiês diapherei IDEM=Hp.Fract.7; phusies nousôn iêtroi IDEM=Hp.Epid.6.5.1.
4. of the mind, one's nature, character, êthos hekaston, hopêi ph. estin hekastôi Emp.110.5; eugenês gar hê ph. kax eugenôn . . hê sê Soph. Phil. 874; tên hautou ph. lipein, deixai, IBID=au=Soph. Phil. 902,au=Soph. Phil. 1310; ph. phrenos Eur. Med. 103 (anap.); hê anthrôpeia ph. Thuc. 1.76; ph. tês morphês kai tês psuchês Xen. Cyrop. 1.2.2; onomati mempton to nothon, hê ph. d' isê E.Fr.168; ph. philosophos, turannikê, etc., Plat. Rep. 410e, au=Plat. Rep. 576a, etc.; dexioi phusin Aesch. PB 489; akmaioi phusin IDEM=Aesch. Pers. 441; to gar apostênai chalepon phuseos, hên echoi tis Aristoph. Wasps 1458 (lyr.), cf. au=Aristoph. Wasps 1282 (lyr.); Solôn . . ên philodêmos tên ph. IDEM=Aristoph. Cl. 1187; enioi ontes hôs alêthôs tou dêmou tên ph. ou dêmotikoi eisi Ps. Xen. Const. Ath. 2.19; phuseôs ischus force of natural powers, Thuc. 1.138; phuseôs kakia badness of natural disposition, Dem. 20.140; agathoi . . gignontai dia triôn, ta tria de tauta esti ph. ethos logos Aristot. Pol. 1332a40; chrô têi phusei, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, Aristoph. Cl. 1078, cf. Isoc. 7.38; têi ph. chrômenos Plu.Cor.18; theias koinônoi ph. 2 Ep.Pet.1.4: pl., Isoc. 4.113, v.l. in Eur. Andr. 956; hoi aristoi tas ph. Plat. Rep. 526c, cf. au=Plat. Rep. 375b, al.: prov., ethos, phasi, deuterê ph. Jul.Mis.353a.
5. freq. in periphrases, kai gar an petrou phusin su g' organeias, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, Soph. OT 335; chthonos ph. Aesch. Ag. 633; esp. in Pl., hê tou pterou ph. ti=Plat. Phaedrus 251b; hê ph. tôn sômatôn ti=Plat. Sym. 186b; hê ph. tês astheneias its natural weakness, ti=Plat. Phaedo 87e; hê tou muelou ph. ti=Plat. Tim. 84c; hê tou dikaiou ph. ti=Plat. Laws 862d, al.; hê ph., with gen. understood, ti=Plat. Sym. 191a, ti=Plat. Phaedo 109e.
III. the regular order of nature, tuchê . . abebaios, ph. de autarkês Democr.176; kata phusin Plat. Rep. 444d, etc.; triches kata phusin pephukuiai growing naturally, Hdt. 2.38, cf. Alex.156.7 (troch.); kata phusin "nomos ho pantôn basileus" Pi.Fr. 169 (cf. Plat. Gorg. 488b); kata ph. poiein Heraclit.112; opp. para phusin, Eur. Phoen. 395, Thuc. 6.17, etc.; para tên ph. Anaxipp.1.18; prodotês ek phuseôs a traitor by nature, Aeschin. 2.165; pro tês ph. hêkein eis thanaton before the natural term, Plu.Comp.Dem.Cic.5: freq. in dat. phusei (en ph. Hp.Aër.au=Hp. 14) by nature, naturally, opp. tuchêi, technêi, Plat. Laws 889b, cf. ti=Plat. Rep. 381b; phusei toioutos Aristoph. Pl. 275, cf. au=Aristoph. Pl. 279, al.; ho anthrôpos ph. politikon zôion esti Aristot. Pol. 1253a3; ho mê hautou ph. all' allou anthrôpos ôn, houtos ph. doulos estin IBID=au=Aristot. Pol. 1254a15; ph. gar oudeis doulos egenêthê pote Philem.95.2; opp. nomôi (by convention), Philol.9, Archelaus ap.D.L.2.16, Plat. Gorg. 482e, cf. ti=Plat. Prot. 337d, etc.; ta men tôn nomôn homologêthenta, ou phunt' estin, ta de tês phuseôs phunta, ouch homologêthenta Antipho Soph.44ti=Antipho Soph. Ai32 (ti=Antipho Soph. Vorsokr.5); hapas ho tôn anthrôpôn bios phusei kai nomois dioikeitai Dem. 25.15; tous tês ph. ouk esti lanthanein nomous Men.Mon.492; ou sophiai, alla phusei tini Plat. Apol. 22c; ph. mê pephukota toiauta phônein Soph. Phil. 79, cf. Plat. Phileb. 14c, etc.; phusei panta pantes homoiôs pephukamen kai barbaroi kai Hellênes einai Antipho Soph.44ti=Antipho Soph. Bii10 (ti=Antipho Soph. Vorsokr.5); phusin echei c. inf., it is natural, kôs phusin echei pollas muriadas phoneusai (sc. ton Hêraklea); Hdt. 2.45, cf. Plat. Rep. 473a; ouk echei phusin it is contrary to nature, IBID=au=Plat. Rep. 489b; out' eulogon out' echon esti phusin Dem. 2.26; to tolmêma phusin ouk echei Polem.Call.36.
IV. in Philosophy:
1. nature as an originating power, ph. legetai . . hothen hê kinêsis hê prôtê en hekastôi tôn phusei ontôn Aristot. Met. 1014b16; ho de theos kai hê ph. ouden matên poiousin IDEM=Arist.Cael.271a33; hê de ph. ouden alogôs oude matên poiei IBID=au=Arist. Cael. 291b13; hê men technê archê en allôi, hê de ph. archê en autôi IDEM=Aristot. Met. 1070a8, cf. ti=Arist. Mete.381b5, etc.; ph. kruptesthai philei Heraclit.123; hê goêteia tês ph. Plot.4.4.44; ph. koinê, the principle of growth in the universe, Cleanth.Stoic.1.126; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as pur technikon hodôi badizon eis genesin, Stoic.1.44, cf. au=Stoic. 1.35=lr, al., S.E.M.9.81; Nature, personified, charis têi makariai Ph. Epicur.Fr.469; Ph. kai Heimarmenê kai Anankê Phld. Piet.12; hê katôpherês Ph. Corp.Herm.1.14.
2. elementary substance, kinduneuei ho legôn tauta pur kai hudôr kai gên kai aera prôta hêgeisthai tôn pantôn einai kai tên ph. onomazein auta tauta Plat. Laws 891c, cf. Arist.Fr.52 (defined as tên prôtên ousian . . hupobeblêmenên hapasi tois gennêtois kai phthartois sômasi Gal.15.3); tôn phusei ontôn ta stoicheia phasin einai phusin Aristot. Met. 1014b33: pl., Epicur.Ep. 1p.6U., al.; atomoi ph. atoms, Democr.ap.Diog.Oen.5, Epicur.Ep. 1p.7U.; aphthartoi ph. Phld.Piet.83.
3. concrete, the creation, 'Nature', athanatou . . phuseôs kosmon agêrôn E.Fr.910 (anap.); peri phuseôs te kai tôn meteôrôn astronomika atta dierôtan Plat. Prot. 315c; peri phuseôs, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.; [sophia] hên dê kalousi peri phuseôs historian Plat. Phaedo 96a; peri ph. aphorizomenoi diechôrizon zôiôn te bion dendrôn te phusin lachanôn te genê Epicr.11.13 (anap.); so later, hê ph. to hupo psuchês tês pasês tachthen Plot.2.2.1; ta stoicheia tês ph. Corp.Herm.1.8; hai duo ph., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., PMag.Leid.W.6.42.
4. Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.12.
V. as a concrete term, creature, freq. in collect. sense, thnêtê ph. mankind, S.Fr.590 (anap.), cf. ti=Soph. OT 869 (lyr.); pontou einalia ph. the creatures of the sea, IDEM=Soph. Ant. 345 (lyr.); ho pasa ph. diôkein pephuke Plat. Rep. 359c, cf. ti=Plat. Stat. 272c; hê tôn thêleiôn ph. woman-kind (opp. to arren phulon) Xen. Const. Lac. 3.4: also in pl., Soph. OT 674, Plat. Rep. 588c, ti=Plat. Stat. 306e, Xen. Ec. 13.9; in contemptuous sense, hai toiautai ph. such creatures as these, Isoc. 4.113, cf. au=Isoc. 20.11, Aeschin. 1.191.
VI. kind, sort, species, tautên . . echein biotês . . phusin Soph. Phil. 165 (anap.); eklegontai ek toutôn chrêmatôn mian ph. tên tôn leukôn Plat. Rep. 429d; ph. [alôpekidôn] species, Xen. Hunt. 3.1; natural group or class of plants, Thphr.HP6.1.1 (pl.).
VII. sex, thêlus phusa (prob. for ousa) kouk andros phusin Soph. Trach. 1062, cf. ti=Soph. OC 445, Thuc. 2.45, Plat. Laws 770d, au=Plat. Laws 944d: hence,
2. the characteristic of sex, = aidoion, Tab.Defix.89a6 (iv B.C.), Nic.Fr.107, D.S.32.10, S.E.M.1.150, etc.: esp. of the female organ, Hp.Mul.2.143, Ant.Lib.41, Artem.5.63, ti=Artem. PMag.Osl.1.83,au=Artem. PMag.Osl. 1.324=lr, Horap. 1.11: pl., tôn duoph., of the testes, Sch.Aristoph. Lys. 92, cf. PMag.Par.1.318.
|
