| Perseus ·
Tufts |
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DOURIS
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The pattern with which Douris signs, whether often or not at all, helps establish a sequence for the vases. Beazley based his chronology for Douris on the signatures as well as kalos names, collaboration with potters, systems of ornament, and stylistic development. Beazley divided Douris' work into four periods: Early, Early Middle, Middle, and Late. The Early Middle or Transitional Period can be further subdivided into a 'rich' and a 'bare' group.
Signatures appear less frequently toward the end of his Middle Period and
cease altogether in the Late Period. Douris' stylistic development is also
linked with different kalos names: Chairestratos and Panaitios, which occur
early, and Hippodamas, a favorite in the Middle Period. Besides helping
establish an internal chronology, two of these names have been connected with
historical figures: Panaitios, who took part in the Persian wars
(
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Illustration 6 |
Ernst Langlotz, in his fundamental study on the chronology of archaic
vase-painting and sculpture, argued that the Leagros, son of Glaukon, named on
vases, provided a fixed chronological point in the development of red-figure
painting.[2]
Leagros was a contemporary of Themistokles who was strategos in 465 B.C., so
if Themistokles was sixty years old when he was strategos, as Langlotz
calculates, his Ephebic years, when he would have been kalos, fall between 510
and 505 B.C. Vases praising his contemporary Leagros would therefore date to
this period. E.D. Francis and Michael Vickers drew attention to some of the
problems raised by Langlotz' conclusions, not the least of which is the
likelihood that Leagros, presumably a youth of exceptional beauty, might have
been called kalos for a much longer period than five
years.[3]
Although the traditional dating is therefore less than certain, it does
perhaps provide a general indication of the period in which Douris was active.
Langlotz' method of dating with the help of kalos names does not contradict
what we know of the careers of the named individuals. For example, if
Hermolykos was kalos at age 18 or so, between 495-490 B.C., he would have been
thirty when he fought at Mykale; and if Hippodamas was kalos between 490-480,
he would have been strategos in his mid to late forties. For Hippodamas there
is additional evidence in the form of a cup fragment from the Persian debris
on the Acropolis on which he is praised
(
Evidence of another kind can be used to place Douris' Late Period in time: the appearance in his repertory of a new shape, the rhyton. Herbert Hoffmann suggested that this shape, which had its origin in Persia, appears in Greece in the wake of the Persian wars, that is, shortly after 480 B.C.[4] Hoffmann places the rhyta by Douris, along with those by the Brygos Painter, in the early phase of development of the shape, that is, in the 470s. Douris' career might therefore span a thirty- or forty-year period, from shortly before 500 to 470 or slightly later.
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